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Doctor of Philosophy in Fundamental Immunology - Developmental Immunology
在多倫多大學
關於課程
The immune system develops from hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow. These precursors go through rounds of cell division and differentiation to give rise to the various different lymphoid and non-lymphoid lineages that go to make up the innate and adaptive immune systems. Myeloid cells of the innate immune system develop under the control of a variety of hematopoietic growth and differentiation factors which are orchestrated to result in the continuous production of the appropriate amounts of each cell type. Lymphoid cells of the adaptive immune system also start their development in the bone marrow. B lymphocytes responsible for the eventual production of antibodies develop along a pathway that requires rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes to generate the vast array of individual B cell specificities and indeed, the normal progression of B cell development is regulated by the expression of immunoglobulin molecules. The other major component of the adaptive immune system, the T lymphocyte, develops in the thymus from precursor cells produced in the bone marrow. T cell development also requires rearrangement of genes that encode antigen specificity and selective events in the thymus ensure that mature T cells normally have the capacity to recognize foreign pathogen without recognizing self antigens.
- 實習機會
開始日期及學費
如何申請
Entry requirements for 多倫多大學
Direct entry from the BSc: Students with outstanding undergraduate records are encouraged to enter the PhD program directly. Students entering via this route undergo a qualifying exam within 18-24 months of initiating their program. Additionally, the Admissions Committee may choose to offer direct entry into the PhD program to highly-qualified applicants who have applied to the MSc program. Students admitted to the direct entry PhD may choose to graduate with an MSc after two years of study, rather than continuing in the PhD program.
Transfer from the MSc program: Students may transfer to the PhD program from the MSc program by undergoing a reclassification exam. Following a second committee meeting to take place no later than December of the second year, all students who wish to reclassify into the PhD program must due so in May or June of their second year.
Entry after completion of an M.Sc. degree: Students accepted into our program with an MSc degree from another department/University enter into the PhD program directly. Students who complete an MSc degree within the Department of Immunology and who wish to continue in the PhD program are evaluated at the MSc exam as to their admissibility for the PhD program. Only students approved during the examination process will be admissible to reenter as a PhD student. All students entering the PhD program with an MSc degree must undergo a qualifying exam, normally within 2 years of entry into the PhD program. This exam is similar in format to the reclassification exam, described above.
TOEFL: Paper-Based Test and TWE- Overall Score 580 TWE: 5, Internet-Based Test (IBT): 93, Writing/Speaking: 22. IELTS: Minimum required score: 7.0 (Academic)with at least 6.5 for each component.
English language requirements
托福(TOEFL iBT)總分: 93.0
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